Which of the following indicates a narrow margin of appreciation?

A narrow margin of appreciation refers to the limited range of discretion that states have when balancing their obligations under international human rights law against national interests or cultural norms. In the context of core identity rights, which encompass fundamental aspects of individual identity such as freedom from discrimination, the right to life, and the right to privacy, the margin of appreciation is typically narrow. This is because violations of core identity rights often involve severe impacts on individuals and are deemed fundamental to human dignity.

When core identity rights are at stake, human rights law generally places a high priority on protecting these rights, suggesting that any state action or legislation must vigorously justify any limitation. This rigorous scrutiny is less applicable in areas like public morals or cultural heritage, where states may enjoy broader discretion to address issues according to their societal values or beliefs. Thus, the process of review by international bodies tends to be more stringent regarding core identity rights, reinforcing the notion of a narrow margin of appreciation in these cases.