What are the three components of the restriction test under ICCPR?

The correct answer identifies the three components of the restriction test under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) as legal requirement, legitimate aim, and strict necessity and proportionality. This test is applied to determine whether any restrictions on the rights protected by the ICCPR are permissible.

First, the legal requirement ensures that any limitation must be prescribed by law. This means that the restriction should have a clear legal basis, preventing arbitrary interference and safeguarding individual rights.

Second, the legitimate aim component states that the restriction must pursue a legitimate aim recognized by the ICCPR, such as national security, public order, or the protection of public health or morals. This underscores that limitations must serve a purpose deemed important enough to justify interfering with personal freedoms.

Finally, the strict necessity and proportionality requirement is critical as it requires that the means used in enforcing a restriction must be proportionate to the aim pursued. This means that the restriction must be the least intrusive means available in achieving the stated aim, ensuring that any limitation on rights is truly essential and does not exceed what is necessary for the legitimate purpose.

The other options mentioned—public consent, legislative backing, community support; transparency, accountability, public interest; and validation by international law, national priorities,